What treaty are we talking about?
Many countries wanted to control over many economic activities in other countries as well as utilize other countries for cheap labor. In addition, some countries wanted to explore the world and conquer for their homeland while other countries thought that their own country and race was superior to all other countries and therefore believed it was needed that they invade other countries and educate them as well as some countries practicing imperialism to convert people to their religion.
C. It let to the mass migration of the Indian elite.
They did it fore the last 200019 years since 82bcg