The correct answer is "landing a man on the moon." Before the US landed on the moon, the Soviet Union beat them in several different advances including having the first satellite to be launched into space. This satellite was known as Sputnik. However, the US was not willing to be second best to the Soviet Union
Totalitarian is what I think is the answer. But I'm not sure.
"2. Are you writing naturally and academically?" would be the best option. The rest of the answers seem more like revisions to grammatical errors rather than the voice of the essay.
Laws were needed to justify the need for order in the rising complexity of the civilization so as more laws were written more were enforced and more were needed to justify that enforcement