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What is the multiple choice questions? In your picture it gives a list of multiple choice answers right? Without it, my answers may be wrong, so include the multiple choice answers in a another picture. Otherwise I can't really answer this question. Thanks. I will answer it if you include the picture, and if there isn't then tell me.
Correct answer: C. Formation of secret alliances
The other items all fall more into the category of "immediate causes."
Explanation:
Pre-war alliances between European nations were made in secret and elevated diplomatic tensions within those governments. Or sometimes the fact that alliances were being made was announced publicly -- but the negotiations about the alliances were conducted behind closed doors. And often the terms of the alliances were kept secret, so that only the parties involved knew the full details. This business of conspiring and posturing in regard to alliances contributed to an attitude of escalating nervousness and tension as the nations of Europe maneuvered for strength over against their perceived adversaries. This was a fundamental problem that lay behind the ultimate outbreak of the Great War (as World War I was called at the time it occurred).
Following the U.S. Civil War, the Radical Republicans attempted to put a land reform through Congress, promising, 40 acres and a mule, to newly-freed blacks in the South, which was rejected by moderate elements as socialistic. This failure left blacks without an economic base, and was one of the key contributing factors to the development of sharecropping and segregation.
