The point estimate is the mid-point of the interval:

The margin of error is the difference between the endpoints of the interval and the mid-point.
3.5 is the constant. A constant is a term that only consists of a number and doesn't have any variable next to it, basically a number that stands by itself. In this case 3.5 is the only constant, lone number, in the equation, so 3.5 would be the answer.
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1) In a proportion: y/x=k
k is your constant of proportionality.
x is your independent variable and y is your dependent variable.
Since you need 3 oz of flour for each 2 oz of sugar, y=3 and x=2.
So k=1.5 (3/2)
3)
a) y/x as a showed above. This question is very similar to #1.
b) y/x=k
Answer:
$2.51
Step-by-step explanation:
12.55/5= 2.51
a bag of dog treats is 2.51 per bag
4x-12+12=28+12=40
40/4=10
x=10