d.viruses <em>i believe im bout 98% sure hope i help!!
</em><span />
Answer:
Explanation:
The parents phenotypes are
TTff x TtFf
The f1 genotype will be
TTFf, TTff, TtFf, Ttff
The phenotypic ratio of tall and orange colored is 4/8= ½
The phenotypic ratio for tall and white is 4/8= ½
The genotypic ratio for each is ¼
Answer:
The correct order of events is:
C) Nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
A) The acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens.
B) An influx of ions carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain.
D) The signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings.
E) Nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings).
Explanation:
Nicotine acts on acetyl cholinergic receptors that are located in membranes of the midbrain neurons. Nicotine can activate those receptors or block them more efficiently than acetylcholine. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors leads to an increase in ions flow that reaches the brain and causes dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens through axonal prolongations of the dopaminergic pathway. This response is responsible for the smoker´s recompense sensation.
The dopaminergic pathway is the most important way in the process of nicotine dependence and addiction to the drug.
