Thank you for posting your question here. The one result of russian leaders' resistance to change during the nineteenth century is that Russia maintained successful relations with long-time allies. I can also go with "Russia struggled to modernize". I hope the answer will help.
Answer: ones personality.
Explanation:
The American Revolutionary War, the Declaration of Independence, and the birth of the two-party system — this is a pivotal period in American history.
Answer: B) African countries were not invited nor welcomed to this meeting.
All of the 14 participants of the Berlin Conference were European, with the exception of the Ottoman Empire which, even thou it controlled some territories in northern Africa, they were autonomous territories.
Besides that fact, there was no participation by any African country, since the conference´s goal was to regulate European colonialism and trade throughout Africa.