The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continent, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.
While the phrase "pre-Columbian era" literally refers only to the time preceding Christopher Columbus's voyages of 1492, in practice the phrase is usually used to denote the entire history of indigenous Americas cultures until those cultures were exterminated, diminished, or extensively altered by Europeans, even if this happened decades or centuries after Columbus's first landing. For this reason the alternative terms of Precontact Americas, Pre-Colonial Americas or Prehistoric Americas are also in use. In areas of Latin America the term usually used is Pre-Hispanic.
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The James-Lang theory states that our experiences of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli, meaning that your body does certain thing which is then followed by an emotion. For example, your heart racing, and body shaking would be followed by a sudden rush of fear.
The Cannon-Bard theory states that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers a physiological response and the subjective experience of an emotion. Disagreeing with the James-Lang theory, the Cannon-Bard suggests that the feeling of fear does not cause your heart rate to increase but your heart rate increasing, does not evoke a feeling of fear, rather, these are both separate occurrences that happen simultaneously.
The two-factor theory states that to experience emotion, you must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal. This means that in order to feel an emotion you have to be consciously aware of the stimuli provoking and causing the emotion.
The Zajonc, LeDoux, and Lazarus theory states that some emotions can occur instantly with out conscious appraisal.
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The answer would be 2times4 and you would add the rest of the zeros so, = 80000000000000000000
According to Sigmund Freud who is a Psychoanalyst, the deepest level of a person's consciousness will be outside the awareness of the person. According to him, the mind is divided into three levels which are called the id, ego, and superego where id is the deepest level of consciousness.
The defense mechanisms is he employing to reduce his own guilt feelings is denial and hostility to those involve in drug abuse.
<h3>What are defense mechanism?</h3>
Defense mechanisms are known to be a kind of behaviors that people often use to separate themselves from any kind of unwanted or unpleasant situations, actions, or thoughts.
They are regarded as psychological strategies that can help people put distance between themselves and ill feelings, such as guilt.
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