Dr. Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with po
orer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kushner plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr. Kushner's decision about the type of participants to recruit should be informed by which principles of the Belmont Report?
The Belmont Report summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects, it includes three principles which are; The Respect for Persons, Justice and Beneficence.
The principle of Justice addresses the distribution of the burdens and benefits of research. It calls for balance between the kind of participants in the research and the kind of people who benefit from it. It is the belief that the participants in a research study should be the type of people who will also benefit from a research study. It should not be the case that one group in the society bears the cost of research while another group reap its benefits.
Like in Dr. Kushner's study, the participants should also benefit from the study.
Subsequent to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, William the Conqueror and his successors commenced the replacement of several local laws with a universal system of law. This was achieved by the appointment of people who were loyal to him as judges within all the local areas. The judges were given the power to administer the law using a universal system in what was called a Law Court.
