Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. The cell walls of plants are mostly made of cellulose, which provides structural support to the cell. Wood and paper are mostly cellulosic in nature. Cellulose is made up of glucose monomers that are linked by bonds between particular carbon atoms in the glucose molecule.
Every other glucose monomer in cellulose is flipped over and packed tightly as extended long chains. This gives cellulose its rigidity and high tensile strength—which is so important to plant cells. Cellulose passing through our digestive system is called dietary fiber. While the glucose-glucose bonds in cellulose cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes, herbivores such as cows, buffalos, and horses are able to digest grass that is rich in cellulose and use it as a food source. In these animals, certain species of bacteria reside in the rumen (part of the digestive system of herbivores) and secrete the enzyme cellulase. The appendix also contains bacteria that break down cellulose, giving it an important role in the digestive systems of ruminants. Cellulases can break down cellulose into glucose monomers that can be used as an energy source by the animal.
<span>Stabilizing selection operates when individuals within a population of average body size have more offspring than those of large or small body size. this is the worlds way of stabilizing the population to a safe average.</span>
Mitosis is when a DNA error, aka mutation, occurs in a body cell. When cells divide, it needs a copy of the DNA. During DNA replication, that error can cause the instructions for building proteins to differ. The change can not affect offspring. Meiosis is the same situation, but in sex cells. This can be transferred to offspring.
A refute hypothesis is a hypothesis that has been refused, not accepted.
When a hypothesis is refused, the scientists that proposed it will try to correct it or to create a similar more applicable one, and that is how new investigations could occur in this case.
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101
