<u>Answer:</u>
<em>The four colonies include
</em>
<em>1. Peninsulares
</em>
<em>2. Creoles
</em>
<em>3. Mestizos
</em>
<em>4. Mulattos
</em>
<em></em>
<u>Explanation:</u>
The peninsular was the highest caste in the Spanish colonial society. They were the only class of people who hold public office, and they were from the mainland of Spain. Creoles were the next level of organization, and they were those people directly descendant from Spanish blood but born in the colonies. Mulattoes and mestizos were relatively low classes, and these people were of mixed races between Spaniards and Africans or Native Americans. The Spanish viewed Africans to be the lowest class, even beneath the Native Americans.
"a. independence" is not an issue or challenge facing the countries of Southern Africa today since almost all of these nations are independent.
