"a. Captain John Smith became the leader of Jamestown and set up guidelines and rules for the settlers to follow" and "<span>b. William Bradford and William Brewster saw North America as a land where they could practice their religion freely" would both be correct statements, since religious toleration in Massachusetts was not wide-spread. </span>
Cultural diffusion is what i believe affected the European culture
In 1931 Japan invaded the Chinese in search of raw materials for its growing industry. By 1937 a large section of China was controlled by Japan and war crimes against the Chinese had become fairly common. Many believe that this ended up contributing to the isolation of Japan. This incident is said to have not been authorized by the Japanese government but many say the Japanese troops decided themselves.