The beneficial uses of bacterial toxins in medicine are more and more used lately. For example, Botulinum toxin is a toxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which has paralytic effects (injection of this toxin into muscle relax specific muscles). Botulinum toxin accomplishes his effects on the neuromuscular junction where he prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Utilization of this toxin is in the treatment of various muscle spasms. It is also used in the treatment of migraines. Diphtheria toxin is also one of the toxins used for medical purposes for the treatment of cutaneous and non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas. <span>Some bacterial toxins can be used in the treatment of tumours. For example, immunotoxin, which is protein made by fusion of modified antibody and toxin.The antibody binds to an antigen on the target cell, the toxin then enters via endocytosis and kills the cell. Commonly used bacterial toxins in immunotoxins are Diphtheria toxin and the Pseudomonas exotoxin.</span>
When was BSE first discovered?
BSE first appeared in British cattle in the mid-1980s. There have been numerous cases detected in other countries. A complete list of countries is available from both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
This is True . the reabsorption through the proximal tubule is obligatory 80% whereas water reabsorption through distal tubule is facultative but mostly through collector tubules 15 % ( under the action of aldosteron and antidiuretic hormone).
A codon is a group of three mRNA bases while an anticodon is a group of three tRNA bases. For example AUC is a codon and UAG is an anticodon that matches it.
