After ten centuries of wars, defeats, and victories, the Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in May 1453. The city's fall sent shock waves throughout Christendom. It is widely quoted as the event that marked the end of the European Middle Ages.
The colonies refused to give up any of their own powers to one central authority.
The transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between hemispheres. This would be the correct answer!!!
Mexico won its indpendence from Spain on Sep 16, 1810.