A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. ... These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it.
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To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating. ... DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases.
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Considering the atmosphere of the primitive earth to have contained water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ammonia and/or nitrogen, then in the presence of an energy source, such as sunlight or lightning, a number of small molecules like hydrogen cyanide, HCN, are formed.