The student reading the article "Autoimmune Diseases Stopped in Mice" stated that the research exposed in the article would revolutionize treatment for autoimmune diseases in just a few years. Thus, we can conclude that the article showed scientific experiments that represented biomedical treatments that were successful in stopping the advance of autoimmune diseases in rats that had these diseases. Based on this, we can say that these researches may, in the future, evolve to research using humans with autoimmune diseases, where treatments will be adapted to human anatomy and may yield positive results that will revolutionize the treatment of these diseases.
An international team of scientists led by the Lomonosov Moscow State University group made a significant step in creating a new type of drug for treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's diseaase
In the case of a lunar eclipse, red light can pass through the Earth's atmosphere and is refracted - or bent - toward the Moon, while blue light is filtered out. This leaves the moon with a pale reddish hue during an eclipse.
B) Available energy decreases as trophic levels increase.
Explanation:
Each time an organism consumes energy, it absorbs it. When it dies the energy is released and only some of it is consumed the organism that eats the first organism. This continues and by the end there is very little energy left because most of it was released into the world.
Mutation disrupts the hydrophobic interactions between the non-polar amino acids in the core of the protein thereby destabilising its structure.
Filling the blanks: non-polar,hydrophobic, large, Van der Waals contacts, Van der Waals contacts.
Explanation:
The core of a protein is rich in non-polar amino acids like alanine, valine, leucine, etc.
These amino acids are capable of interacting with each other by the formation of weak Van der Waals contacts with each other.
Van der Waals forces can be defined as the force of attraction between atoms or molecules when they are in close vicinity with respect to each other.
The proper folding of a protein requires the proper positioning of each of the side chains of the amino acids in both the interior as well as the exterior of the protein.
Mutation causing the replacement of a short chain non-polar amino acid with a long-chain non polar amino acid in the protein core requires more space for the long chain non-polar amino acid. This disrupts many Van der Waal forces of interaction among other non-polar amino acid side chains in the interior of the protein.
This ultimately distorts the entire folding pattern of the protein causing its destabilisation and mis-folding.
