All plants and animals are made up of cells where the genetic material can be found in the form of genes and chromosomes (usually in the nucleus).
Answer: Mutation. The allelic variations that make evolution possible are generated by the process of mutation, but new mutations change gene frequencies very slowly, because mutation rates are low. Assume that the gene allele A1 mutates to allele A2 at a rate m per generation and that at a given time the frequency of A1 is p.
Explanation:
No because Antarctica is ice
During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes line up side by side and may shuffle genetic material between themselves.
<h3>What is Meiosis?</h3>
- In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis is a unique type of cell division of germ cells that results in the production of gametes, such as sperm or egg cells.
- Two rounds of division are necessary, and the end product is four cells with just one copy of each chromosome.
- Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I are the four phases that make up Meiosis I.
- It deactivates the sporophytic information while activating the genetic information for the production of sex cells.
- By halving the same, it keeps the chromosomal count constant.
<h3>What is chromosome?</h3>
- A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code.
- Histones, which serve as packing proteins for the majority of eukaryotic chromosomes, work with chaperone proteins to attach to and condense the DNA molecule in order to preserve the integrity of the molecule.
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Answer: adaptive immune response
Explanation:
Autoimmune disorders are caused by different microoorganism and drug which manipulates the immune system in a way that immune system become unable to recognise between self antigen and foreign antigen. In that case immune system treats foreign antigen as self antigen which cause systemic or organ specific damage.
The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown and hence it is thought that it is caused by adaptive immune response which builds against self antigens and causes damage to the cells.
Hence, some autoimmune disorders are thought to be caused by adaptive immune response.
