Food is a basic need for all organisms
When energy passes from one trophic level to the next, I would guess that the two factors which decrease the total amount of energy from being passed up are:
1. An organism does not assimilate all the energy of food consumed. Within a consumer, digestion and assimilation of energy is not 100% efficient: some of the energy is lost.
2. A large proportion of energy assimilated by a producer and consumer is lost through respiration, i.e., day-to-day maintenance of metabolic processes.
Organism is the smallest unit of organization.
1) Mutations are caused by changes in nucleotide bases. these altered base formed different amino acid depending upon nucleotide base sequence that code specific amino acid. ... even though some mutations, can have a more effect on amino acid coding, which can affect what kind of proteins are produced.
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