Cognitive surplus results when leisure time and available tools allow us to engage in creative acts. It is a term that was introduced by Clay Shirky which pertains to the synthesis of the excess of people's energy, time and creativity leading to productivity sharing and creation.
Answer:
The answer is "Option a".
Explanation:
Privacy is a set of rules, which limiting access to the data, and integrity ensures impartiality, accuracy, and reliability is assured to ensure, which authorized persons can have secure access to the data.
The system needs no access for everyone to achieve its secrecy and integrity contained in a completely safe data system, that's why the given statement is "true".
Answer:
prepare (e.g. SQL prepared statements)
parse/convert (e.g. parse a string as an int/convert an array to string)
Explanation: