The brain stem is found to be the closest to the spinal cord.
Further Explanation:
The brainstem refers to the posterior segment of the brain which is in continuous with the spinal cord. In humans, the brainstem comprises of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. This part of the brain supplies the main motor as well as sensory nerve supply towards the neck as well as face through the cranial nerves. Out of the 13 pairs of the cranial nerves, about 10 origins from the brainstem.
This part of the brain is an utmost essential part of the brain as the nerve connections of the sensory as well as motor systems from the main segment of the brain to the rest of the body via the brainstem. This involves corticospinal tract which is motor, the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway which is responsible for fine touch, proprioception, and vibration sensation, and finally, the spinothalamic tract which aids in detecting pain, temperature, and crude touch.
This part of the brain also plays a vital role in the regulation of the respiratory as well as cardiac function and also regulates the central nervous system. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining consciousness as well as regulating the sleep cycle. Other basic functions include breathing, eating, sleeping, and heart rate.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Nervous System
Keywords:
Brain, brainstem, spinal cord, respiratory function, sleep cycle, consciousness, breathing, eating, sleeping, spinothalamic tract, dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway, corticospinal tract, midbrain, hindbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.
