Answer:
hello!
Explanation:
Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that's performed by many types of organisms and cells. In fermentation, the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end.
Answer:
These homologous structure indicates a common ancestry
Explanation:
When 4 organisms show homologous structures, they indicates they belongs to a common ancestor from where the changes takes place in them.
The organs which are structurally dissimilar but functionally same are called as homologous organism.
The outcome differs in the way that the protein folds itself at each level. The changes in the way that it folds lead to:
modifications in the function, shape or in the combination with other proteins.
Protein has different levels of structure. Each of them is related to how the amino acids and other molecules interact with each other. Hair is made of proteins, so if one of the structures is affected, the hair is too.
Let's analyse what happens in each level of structure:
- In the case of the primary structure, which is the sequence of amino acids, the modification will give a non-functional protein that will not fold into the following structural level. So, there won't be new hair.
- For the secondary structure, a modification here can lead to a different folding. In other words, it can change from an α helix to a β pleated sheet or the other way round. This will give a different shape to the hair, like curly or straight.
- A modification in the tertiary structure modifies the interaction of the R groups in the protein, so the three-dimensional structure that this interaction gives will change, giving a different type of hair.
- Lastly, if we modify the quaternary structure, the protein won't interact with some proteins, but it may interact with others.
In conclusion, the modification of the secondary structure changes the interaction between the elements of the protein giving hair with different shapes.
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