Answer:
isolate genes from eukaryotic cell nuclei C.
Explanation:
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome
In an mRNA or gene expression profiling experiment the expression levels of thousands of genes are simultaneously monitored to study the effects of certain treatments, diseases, and developmental stages on gene expression. For example, microarray-based gene expression profiling can be used to identify genes whose expression is changed in response to pathogens or other organisms by comparing gene expression in infected to that in uninfected cells or tissues.
Ring species.
When there are neighbouring populations that can interbreed with each other while only two of those populations cannot breed between them, we are standing before a ring species. In the case of Larus gulls what is observed is that several of these species can interbreed, but it comes to two of them that are incompatible - they are probably to<span> distantly related to interbreed. It is considered, that this species may be connected to each other in a line of derivation and is both ends on that line that are incompatible.</span>
Thorndike's law of effect is described below.
Explanation:
- Operant Conditioning. A form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurance. According to Thorndike's Law of Effect. Behaviors followed by bad results are less likely to occur and behaviors followed by good results are more likely to occur again.
- The law of effect is a psychology principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1898 on the matter of behavioral conditioning (not then formulated as such) which states that "responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce
- Thorndike's Law of Effect states that a response followed by a pleasant consequence is more likely to be repeated, whereas a response followed by an unpleasant consequence is more likely to be diminished. ... This special stimulus has the effect of increasing the behavior occurring just before the reinforcer.
- Law of effect. Law of Effect. The law of effect states that if a response in the presence of a stimulus is followed by a satisfying event, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened.
