Answer:
sporopollenin
While the exine is composed of sporopollenin, a complex and highly resistant biopolymer containing fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics and carotenoids, the intine is largely composed of pectin and cellulose.
Explanation:
Answer:
D) In case 1, both PS I and PS II completely lose function; in case 2, a proton gradient is still produced.
Explanation:
The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, which produces the ATP and NADPH needed in the light independent stage of the process, includes complexes of proteins and pigments called PHOTOSYSTEMS. These photosystems (I and II) are key to the functionality of the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid.
The major pigment present in both photosystems is CHLOROPHYLL A, which absorbs light energy and transfers electrons to the reaction center. Chlorophyll B is only an accessory pigment meaning it can be done without. Hence, if all of the chlorophyll A is inactivated in the algae but leaves chlorophyll B intact as in case 1, both PS I and PS II will lose their function because Chlorophyll A is the major pigment that absorbs light energy in both photosystems.
In case 2, if PS I is inhibited and PS II is unaffected, a PROTON GRADIENT WILL STILL BE PRODUCED because the splitting of water into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) occurs in PSII. Hence, H+ ions can still be pumped into the inner membrane of the thylakoid in order to build a proton gradient even without the occurrence of PS I.
The answer is B
Before the process of translation occurs, mRNA which bears the blue print or coded information for the synthesis of a specific protein arrives from the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where there are ribosomes
mRNA then attaches itself to a ribosome. The ribosome is the site where the protein is formed. It is sometimes referred to as the "work bench" of the cell. Once mRNA is attached, tRNA comes and begins to read and translate the coded information on the mRNA. This is the translation stage of protein synthesis.
Based on the translated information, tRNA then fetches amino acids from the pool of free amino acids found in the cytoplasm and brings them to the ribosome where they are joined to form a chain thus creating a protein.
Multicellular organisms use different types of cells to function not just one cell. If cells grew larger that cell would be more demanding.
