Since the countries were becoming industrialized, they needed more and more resources. Since they couldn't have them in their own countries, they had to conquer others. That's why they would make colonies and spread their empires. That way they could take coal or oil or lumber or similar things from the colony and use it for their own purposes. Usually, they would leave nothing to the colony.
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"Planting trees throughout Sahel" is the one action among the following actions given in the question that would be the most effective long-term solution to fighting desertification in the Sahel.
Answer:
The Middle Colonies were the big food producing region that included corn and wheat.
