To sum it down Congress' challenge was whether to allow slavery in new territories, it was so because the southern states had helped drastically in the Mexican-American war and from which they believed they would receive a reward for, Congress ended up splitting have of the new territories into slave states and non slave states.
The Supreme court had to determine whether the utilization of different guidelines in regards to voting was legal. The court ruled that the use of different standards in counties to count votes was a violation of the equal protection clause. This decision allowed the previous vote result to stand which had already been decided by the Florida secretary of state which had already come to the conclusion the George W. Bush was the winner. In short the Supreme court indirectly decided an election result.
The names Judaism and Jew are based on the first Jewish king. It was assigned to Judah by Jacob.