Answer: adaptive immune response
Explanation:
Autoimmune disorders are caused by different microoorganism and drug which manipulates the immune system in a way that immune system become unable to recognise between self antigen and foreign antigen. In that case immune system treats foreign antigen as self antigen which cause systemic or organ specific damage.
The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown and hence it is thought that it is caused by adaptive immune response which builds against self antigens and causes damage to the cells.
Hence, some autoimmune disorders are thought to be caused by adaptive immune response.
A balance of this two process must be maintained in order to attain a constant earth temperature.
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Energy flow in the earth</h3>
The earth in itself is a massive ecosystem. Energy flows into the earth and out of it. The only source of energy input to the earth is the sun. Also, energy is lost from the earth via re-radiation of energy in the form of infrared rays.
However, this inflow and out flow of energy affects the temperature of the earth. A balance of this two process must be maintained in order to attain a constant earth temperature.
Learn more about ecosystem: brainly.com/question/1673533
Answer:
plasma membrane
Explanation:
The plasma membrane is also known as the cell membrane. It is the boundary between the internal components of a cell and its external surroundings. It controls the entry and exit of substances into or out of the cell and thus, facilitates the exchange of substances between the cells and their external environment.
Answer:An open system exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings (for example, an ecosystem). ... Strictly, closed systems do not occur naturally on Earth, but all the global cycles of matter, for example,the water and nitrogen cycles, approximate to closed systems.Sep 18, 2020
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is true.
Explanation:
Swallowing of food is the process of passing the food from the mouth to the stomach through the way of the throat (pharynx) and esophagus. This process takes place in three stages: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages
During the pharyngeal stage, epiglottis which is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located at top of the larynx (a muscular organ forming voice box) perform functions in response to the swallowed food as the larynx lift up or rises inside the neck to close the epiglottis while the epiglottis moves downward to cover it, providing more airway protection.
Thus, true is the correct answer.