Woodrow Wilson and David Lloyd George were two of the representatives at the peace accords in Paris that felt that a vindictive peace treaty would only lead to a future conflict. Wilson said: “It must be a peace without victory….Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser, a victor’s terms imposed upon the vanquished. It would be accepted in humiliation, under duress, at an intolerable sacrifice, and would leave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only as upon quicksand. Only a peace between equals can last.” Was the final product of the treaty a “peace between equals” or was it too harsh on Germany? Were the Germans in fact guilty of causing the war? Should they bear sole responsibility?
the political, military, and social system in the Middle Ages, based on the holding of lands in fief or fee and on the resulting relations between lord and vassal.
