In an ecosystem, the most of the energy is available for organisms present in trophic level. These organisms include all photosynthetic, autotrophs (producers) that make food by using solar energy. As energy gets transferred from a lower to higher trophic level, only 10 percent of total energy gets transferred, so consumers get less energy than producers.
In given ecosystem, kelp is producer that makes food for ecosystem. Thus, the correct answer is option (c).
Based on the hypothesis, an increase in the ratio of Gi to Gs proteins coordinated signalling, would decrease cAMP concentration when GCPR binds to it, with the Gi function intact and able to oppose the Gs protein activation.
