Answer:
1. Centriole
2. Nuclear envelope
3. Haploid
4. Homologous chromosomes
5. Meiosis
6. Spindle apparatus
7. Anaphase
8. Furrowing
9. Chromatin
10. Interphase
Explanation:
1. Centriole is a structure pesent in the centrosome organnelles of animal cells. It produces spindles microtubules that separates chromosomes during cell division.
2. The genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotes is enclosed by a membrane bound nucleus. The membrane that bounds this nucleus is called the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE. It breaks down during metaphase in order for the spindle microtubules to assess the chromosomes.
3. HAPLOID state of chromosome refers to having one set of chromosomes as in gametes unlike those in sets of two (diploid) or three (triploid).
4. Homologous chromosomes refer to a pair of chromosomes from each parent. They are similar but non-identical i.e. may contain different alleles. They form a tetrad structure during Prophase of meiosis 1.
5. Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in daughter cells with a reduced number of chromosomes (by half). It is employed by sexually-reproducing organisms to produce gametes i.e. a diploid organism produces haploid gametes via meiosis.
6. Spindle apparatus refers to the system composed of fibres that separates chromosomes during cell division.
7. Anaphase is one of the stages of mitosis that involves the separation of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell. Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle microtubules.
8. The cytoplasmic content of animal cells divide (cytokinesis) through a process called FURROWING. This involves the formation of a cleavage furrow in the center of the cell.
9. Chromatin refers to the invisible threadlike form of the genetic material in the nucleus of living cells. They are later condensed to form chromosomes in the Prophase stage of Mitosis.
10. Interphase refers to the resting stage of the cell. It is a phase of the cell cycle where the cell is not undergoing division instead it is preparing itself for the division.
