Total war is based on the idea of defeating the enemy by attacking everything including the soldiers, citizens and even supplies in order to destroy the will of the enemy to fight. Examples include the warfare that was conducted by ancient civilizations, and by the Nazis during World War II
In ancient Mesopotamian civilization, Ziggurats were built for local religions. These were raised platforms in temple complexes that accommodated many rooms and chambers for temple priests to take care of the God and Goddess. They were built with a notion that the temples will be closer to heaven and also Gods.
The kings would continuously rebuild the ziggurats above the old one to prove their religious dedication and fervor.
Although the Crusades are popularly viewed as religiously inspired campaigns to recapture the Holy Land, students should recognize them as a result of the social and economic events in Europe between 1000 and 1200. Religious and secular leaders seeking to end the fighting among feudal lords seized upon the Crusades as a means of redirecting that aggression. Feudal knights who would not be inheriting their family properties eagerly enlisted in the Crusades as a way to win wealth or status. The idea of the pilgrimage was a powerful one, and the Crusades were basically armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land. The various Crusades ultimately failed. The sack of Constantinople was a fitting denouement to the whole concept. The interaction with the East brought to Europe not only Arabic translations of Greek texts, but also original Arabic and Iranian scientific and philosophical works.
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When the fighting came to an end in 1781, the economy was in a shambles. Exports to Britain were restricted. Further, British law prohibited trade with Britain's remaining sugar colonies in the Caribbean. Thus, two major sources of colonial-era commerce were eliminated.
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TOO MAKE IT AS A FIGURE OF SPEECH
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