The tightness with which a chemical attaches to a binding site is termed its affinity for that site, while the effectiveness of the binding chemical is termed its efficacy.
Affinity quantifies how well a medication binds to a receptor (or how well it "fits the lock").
The ability of a drug-bound receptor to induce a response (or "turn the key") is referred to as efficacy.
While antagonists only have affinity for the receptors and no (zero) effectiveness, agonists have both affinities and efficacy for the receptor.
Effectiveness governs what transpires after the medication has been attached to the receptor through affinity.
The affinity (potency) and/or efficacy of different medicines that bind to the same receptor and elicit the same type of response will often vary from one another.
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For radioactive materials with short half-lives, you use a very sensitive calibrated detector to measure how many counts per second it is producing. Then using the exact same set up you do the same at a latter time. You use the two readings and the time between them to determine the half-life. You don’t have to wait exactly a half-life, you can do the math with any significant time difference. Also, you don’t need to know the absolute radioactivity, as long as the set up is the same you only need to know fraction by which it changed.
For radioactive materials with long half-lives that won’t work. Instead you approach the problem differently. You precisely measure the mass of a very pure sample of the radioactive material. You can use that to calculate the number of atoms in the sample. Then you put the sample in a counter that is calibrated to determine the absolute number of disintegrations happening in a given time. Now you know how many of them are disintegrating every second. You use the following equations:
Decays per Second = (Number of Atoms) x (Decay Constant)
Half-life = (Natural Log of 2) / (Decay Constant)
And you can calculate the half-life
Hope it helps :)
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I believe the answer is A, Cholesterol.
More protons in the inter membrane space of the mitochondrial than in the mitochondrial matrix is what contributes to the creation of the proton gradient.
