Answer:
Distinct mechanisms are used by bacteria in order to transfer the gene from one bacteria to another. These are transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Transformation refers to the process of uptaking extracellular DNA by the recipient of the other bacterial cell.
In the process of transduction, the donor DNA gets packed within the bacteriophage and infects the recipient bacteria. In the process of conjugation, the genetic substance is transferred by the donor bacteria to the recipient via the process of mating.
a. Of all these three mechanisms, transformation is the process that exhibits a broad range and can be easily performed in the lab. As in the process, there is a slight chance of rejection or failure due to direct compatibility between the bacteria.
b. While the narrowest broad range is found in the process of conjugation, as in order to transfer the genetic substance between the two bacterial species, there should be a similarity between the two species so that they can mate and exchange the genetic substance in between them.
Answer: Local chemical conditions
Explanation: A Precapillary Sphincter is a smooth muscle that is located in circles around the capillaries.
The precapillary sphincter helps to coordinate blood flow to the into the capillaries by causing the capillaries to decrease the flow of blood to tissues that are dormant or not active.
I'm pretty sure it's heterozygous Rr.
Epiphyseal plate is the structure within a bone that contains cartilage
cells that divide and increase the size of the bone until adulthood.
The epiphyseal plate, also known as epiphysial plate,or physis, or growth plate, is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone or diaphysis. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line<span>.</span>
Ionic, since electrons are transferred.<span />
