Roosevelt authorized the dam project with National Industrial Recovery act money. (It was later specifically authorized by the Rivers and Harbors act of 1935, and then reauthorized by the Columbia Basin Project act of 1943 which put it under the Reclamation Project act of 1939.)
The reason why the Framers of the Constitution wanted the selection of justices to be non-democratic is because they didn't wanted these justices to be "swayed" by public opinion, which could allow them to make judicial decisions based on what would most likely get them re-elected, as opposed to what was in the best interest of the country.
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African Americans would run away from their slave masters, and using the underground railroad and other systems of fleeing, they would flock to the North and join the army. There were also many slave rebellions that weakened the south.
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The Invention of Farming lead to the creation of river valley civilizations by making it so the civilization could live in these places and have food. The basic concept of river valley farming is that when the river tide goes up, then the soil becomes very fertile and you plant the crops.