Answer:
Matter in an ecosystem:
- must be continuously replenished
- is recycled and reused
- is returned to the earth by decomposers
It's called major histocompatibility complex protein
Explanation:
All the human causes of global environmental change happen through a ... Three case studies illustrate the various ways human actions can contribute to ... It is possible to make such a division in numerous ways.
Answer:
The correct answer is b. actors have to be more likely to carry the altruistic allele than non actors.
Explanation:
Altruism is the behavior by an organism that benefits other organisms by costing its own fitness. The actor is the individual who is doing altruism and the recipient is the individual who is getting benefited by the actor's altruism.
An example of altruistic behavior can be seen in animal kingdom easily. Vampire bats give blood to those members of the community who were not able to go for search for blood show altruistic behavior.
Actors have altruistic genes that suggest them to behave altruistically. Non-actors may not contain alleles of altruism but the recipient might have altruistic alleles.
Hamilton's rule says that natural selection will favor the altruistic allele when rb > c.
where r = coefficient of relatedness between donor and recipient
b = benefit received by recipient and
c = cost paid by altruist.
Therefore, the correct answer is b.
This is referring to electronegativity!
