Answer:
d.
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that these gender differences may be due in part to the power of teachers' self-fulfilling prophecies. This may be the case since teachers that are biased regarding gender and test results, then they may subconsciously grade the tests differently and give male students the higher grade as opposed to the female students.
Despite wide recognition that speculation is critical for successful science, philosophers have attended little to it. When they have, speculation has been characterized in narrowly epistemic terms: a hypothesis is speculative due to its (lack of) evidential support. These ‘evidence-first’ accounts provide little guidance for what makes speculation productive or egregious, nor how to foster the former while avoiding the latter. I examine how scientists discuss speculation and identify various functions speculations play. On this basis, I develop a ‘function-first’ account of speculation. This analysis grounds a richer discussion of when speculation is egregious and when it is productive, based in both fine-grained analysis of the speculation’s purpose, and what I call the ‘epistemic situation’ scientists face.
George Washington gave impressment to his citizens during his presidency, as he was a good president, and he respected the others.<span />
Democracy: government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.
Parliamentary: of or relating to a parliament or any of its members.
