India has about 1225 millions of inhabitants. It is the second most populated country in the world. Although most of them are Hindus (in fact, India has most of the world's Hindus), the third largest group of Muslims live there. That would make around 147 million people that profess this religion.
That is why even though only 12 per cent of the national population is Muslim, India is still one of the world's largest Muslim populations. In the upcoming decades, it's projected India will have the largest population of Muslims and Hindus. It is expected that Muslims will grow faster than Hindus rising from 14.4% in 2010 to 18.4% in 2050.
Since it was the capital and originally started by Constantine, and probablly because it had the great theodosian walls.
The correct answer is the 14th Amendment.
It states that "All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
Specifically, your referenced quote is known as the "Equal Protection Clause"
