Ethos in a persuasive argument is the credibility of the person making the argument so it would be D. For future reference, think of commercials with the people saying that the product being shown worked well for them.
That would have to be an ellipsis. When you say something like, "There was only one catch, and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded (blah blah)"(Joseph Heller 46).
OR
,"There was only one catch, and that was Catch-22,...Orr was crazy and could be grounded (blah blah)"(Joseph Heller 46).
Answer: If you'd like an answer you might want to consider adding the paragraph that the question relates to.
Explanation:
November 17 (1558) to March 24 (1603)