Answer:
The Chinese were humiliated by having to pay reparations and allow concessions to the Western powers that effectively denied them control over their own country.
Explanation:
Napolean lost a huge part of his army especially is russia due to the harsh winters.
When merchants traveled between towns selling goods, they would have items from different places and cultures. The buyers of these merchants would be fascinated with the new items they had never seen before of different cultures, and so they would buy those items and spread them around until everybody knew about and became interested in other cultures. The cycle continued, causing more and more people to appreciate other cultures.
The original meaning of the word philosophy comes froms the greek roots philo meaning "Love" and sophos, or "Wisdom".
