Ninety percent this answer is too short so I am just typing this
A-the selling of indulgences within the Catholic Church
Explanation:
it serves as a source of living for man
The phrase "loya jirga" means "a great assembly" and it's a type of a meeting when a leader of state is chosen when the leader cannot be chosen in an election.
The phrase is in Pashto - so let's see where Pashto is spoken! in afghanistan and Pakistan so out of the options a) is the correct one