Answer: Who: United States, President James Polk, General Taylor, Col. Kearney, Commodore Stockton and others vs. Mexico, General Santa Anna
What: Dispute about the border, whether or not Texas could be part of the USA, and belief of many US citizens that there was a "manifest destiny" that the country extended all the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and include Texas, California, and the territory in between that had been part of Mexico.
When: April 1846 to February 1848
Where: War began at Coahuila, near the Rio Grande River. Included battles at Monterey, Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Puebla and other places. Ended at the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war.
How: The USA had superior weapons, especially artillery and cannons. The Mexican government was disorganized, not prepared for war. Mexican troops suffered disease, fatigue, and desertion. When the US won, Mexico gave up the disputed territory extending from Texas to California and the USA paid 15 million dollars to Mexico for the territory.
Explanation:
1. The chief characteristic is that a ruler rules with unlimited power. They don't have to worry about the people or parliaments or the constitution or anything similar since their word is the law even if if is opposite to the actual law. Absolutists have absolute power over governing and nobody is allowed to question them.
2. One of the major causes was religious turmoil. The Holy Roman Empire was split into numerous smaller kingdoms which were fighting over protestantism and catholicism and they started the thirty years' war which eventually got everyone in Europe to join and was utterly devastating killing millions of people.
3. One of the results is that supporters of the protestants got the religious freedom to practice protestantism along with Princes who ruled the smaller kingdoms. This resulted in a heavy reduce of Catholic power in the central and northern Europe and let to later counter reformation movements to get power back.
4. The correct answer is divine right, also known as the divine right of kings. According to them, they were rulers of people on earth because god chose them to be the rulers and they were allowed to reign supreme because they represented the will of god. Naturally, many people disliked this so revolutions started rising.
5. The Tsar who modernized the country and started spreading towards the warm waters was Peter the Great. He went to Europe to learn about how to modernize his country and implemented many of the things he learned. The Tsarina who managed build a port on the warm-water area was Catherine the Great.
6. The minister's name was Cardnial Richelieu. He was a cardinal of the Catholic church and he reduced the power of both the nobles and of the Catholic church in order to centralize power. Even though he was a member of the Catholic church, he often supported protestants in order to reduce the power of the Catholics and make sure that the King reigned supreme.
7. The correct answer is the social contract. This is an idea of the enlightenment era that people should give away certain freedoms in order to ensure the functioning of the society. In return, they would get stability and protection from the state and the state and the individuals would prosper in the long run.
8. The correct answer is John Locke. He was an enlightenment thinker who developed numerous ideas on democracy and how a government should work and these ideas were one of the main ones that influenced things like the declaration of independence and the constitution in the United States.
This literary device is an example of "foreshadowing" - an indication of how future events will be effected.
It was formed after World War 2 with the mission statement of creating global wide peace instead of war .
