Question

_____ transparency exists when the end user or programmer must specify the database fragment names but does not need to specify where these fragments are located.

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "Local mapping".

Explanation:

• A data independence standard in global DBMSs where questions can be constructed without understanding the local formats. Knowledge of quotas of pieces and components is however important.
• With the transparency of local mapping, the user wants to determine both fragment location and name of data items, keeping in mind any replication that may occur.
• This is clearly a more complicated and time-consuming question for all the users to answer than the first. A program that only offers it the amount of transparency would be unlikely to be satisfactory to later part-users.

Therefore, "Local mapping" is the right answer.