The correct answer to the following question will be "Local mapping".
Explanation:
A data independence standard in global DBMSs where questions can be constructed without understanding the local formats. Knowledge of quotas of pieces and components is however important.
With the transparency of local mapping, the user wants to determine both fragment location and name of data items, keeping in mind any replication that may occur.
This is clearly a more complicated and time-consuming question for all the users to answer than the first. A program that only offers it the amount of transparency would be unlikely to be satisfactory to later part-users.
