Answer:
1. Separation of Powers - d. dividing power between branches of government
2. Dual Sovereignty - b. judicial power is shared between state and federal governments
3. Federalism - a. power to make laws is divided between state and federal governments
4. Checks and balances - c. dividing government into branches
5. Majority rule - e. political decisions are made by the side with the most members
Explanation:
1. Separation of powers is primarily referred to as the division of responsibilities of the government into several distinct branches. It not only helps in promoting better functioning of the government but also prevents the concentration of power to a single authority.
2. Dual sovereignty stands for 'sharing the judicial power among the state, as well as, federal government' where each monitors the actions of the other and ensure appropriate enforcement of law, securing individual freedom, and avoid the concentration of power.
3. Federalism is described as the system of national government in which power is divided between a central authority i.e. 'state' and a number of regions ie.. ' federal governments' with de-limiting self governing authority.
4. Checks and balances is elucidated as the system for multiple branches of government wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others. It helps in preventing the monopoly of an individual.
5. Majority rule, as the name suggests, stands for 'most of the people or more than half of the people' being agreed to a political decision in order to make it effective. Thus, a decision is taken or applied only when majority of the members agree to it.
