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almond37 [142]
2 years ago
8

Consider the integral 8 (x2+1) dx 0 (a) Estimate the area under the curve using a left-hand sum with n = 4. Is this sum an overe

stimate or an underestimate of the true value? overestimate underestimate (b) Estimate the area under the curve using a right-hand sum with n = 4. Is this sum an overestimate or an underestimate of the true value? overestimate underestimate

Mathematics
1 answer:
Elina [12.6K]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

  (a) 120 square units, underestimate

  (b) 248 square units, overestimate

Step-by-step explanation:

(a) <u>left sum</u>

The left sum is the sum of the areas of the rectangles whose width is the total interval width (8-0) divided by the number of divisions (n=4). The height of each rectangle is the function value at its left edge.

We can compute the sum by adding the function values and multiplying that total by the width of the rectangles:

  left sum = (1 + 5 + 17 + 37)×2 = 60×2 = 120 . . . square units

The curve is increasing throughout the interval of interest, so the left sum underestimates the area under the curve.

__

(b) <u>right sum</u>

The rectangles whose area is the right sum are shown in the attachment, along with the table of function values. The right sum is computed the same way as the left sum, but using the function value on the right side of each subinterval.

  right sum = (5 + 17 + 37 + 65)×2 = 124×2 = 248 . . . square units

The curve is increasing throughout the interval of interest, so the right sum overestimates the area under the curve.

_____

The actual area under the curve on the interval [0, 8] is 178 2/3, just slightly less than the average of the left- and right- sums.

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Given:

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Set B:

Mean: 4.5

Standard dev: 2.45

 

% =  90 

Set A:

Standard Error, SE = s/ √n =    1.9/√8 = 0.67  

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t- score =  1.89457861

<span> <span><span> <span>   </span> </span> </span></span>

Width of the confidence interval = t * SE =     1.89457861* 0.67 = 1.272685913

Lower Limit of the confidence interval = x-bar - width =      4.5 - 1.272685913 = 3.23

Upper Limit of the confidence interval = x-bar + width =      4.5 + 1.272685913 = 5.77

The 90% confidence interval is [3.23, 5.77]

 

Set B:

Standard Error, SE = s/ √n =    2.45/√8 = 0.87  

Degrees of freedom = n - 1 =   8 -1 = 7   

t- Score =  1.89457861

<span> <span><span> <span>   </span> </span> </span></span>

Width of the confidence interval = t * SE =     1.89457861* 0.87 = 1.641094994

Lower Limit of the confidence interval = x-bar - width =      4.5 - 1.641094994 = 2.86

Upper Limit of the confidence interval = x-bar + width =      4.5 + 1.641094994 = 6.14

The 90% confidence interval is [2.86, 6.14]

 

<span>We can obviously see that sample B has more variation in the scores than sample A. The fact that the standard deviation is 2.45 for B and 1.9 for A). Therefore, they yield dissimilar confidence intervals even though they have the same mean and range.</span>

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so 9 hours=18kg

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