Cuticle resistance, Boundary layer resistance and Stomata resistance pathways.
Explanation:
Cuticle resistance: The permeability of the cuticle determines the efficiency of water loss to the atmosphere. Thus, the less permeable it is the lower the rate of transpiration.
Boundary-layer resistance: The boundary layer is a thin layer of air on the surface of a leaf that stays on the leaf. Water has to pierce through this layer of air to reach the atmosphere. Thus, the thicker this layer the slower the rate of transpiration.
Stomata resistance: Is the measure of carbon dioxide entering and water exiting through the stomata. It is directly dependent on the boundary layer resistance and the guard cells.
Diffusion will continue until a condition of equilibrium<span> will be reached. Ions or Molecules are equally balanced on both sides or a permeable membrane.</span>
