Protect the right to freedom
In France the revolutionary events ended the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and led to the creation of the French Second Republic. Following the overthrow of King Louis Philippe in February 1848, the elected government of the Second Republic ruled France. ... Louis Napoléon went on to become the de facto last French monarch.
During this period, the industrial growth of the United States had great effects on them. Cities have become the country's main economic centers, and the manufacturing and finance industry have overtaken agriculture and livestock as the main sources of income in the United States. The industrialization process drastically increased rural migration. At the end of the American Civil War, about a quarter of the American population lived in cities. In 1918, half of the country's population lived in urban areas. In addition, this period is also marked by the large and unfounded immigration of Europeans to the country.
If you are handcuffed, you are under arrest. Miranda rights, however, apply only to questioning. If you were not questioned, or made statements voluntarily before being handcuffed, the fact that you were not read your rights is not grounds for a dismissal.