Vroom assumes that behavior results from conscious choices between alternatives. It uses the Expectation, Instrumentation, and Valence variables to explain this:
The expectation is the belief that increased effort will lead to increased performance, if I work harder then it will be better. It is the belief that one's effort will result in achieving desired performance goals.
Instrumentality is the belief that a person will receive a reward if the performance expectation is met. That is, if I do a good job, there is something in it for me. This reward may come in the form of a pay raise, promotion, recognition or sense of accomplishment. Instrumentality is low when the reward is the same whatever the performance.
Valencia is the importance an individual attaches to rewards. Individual desires or goals can be classified by their importance (valence), representing how much that desire may or may not influence motivation according to its importance to the person. For example, if someone is primarily motivated by money, they may not value free time offers.
The fact that Bill Clements who was a republican candidate was able to become the governor of Texas in 1978 signaled that the Democrats no longer controlled the state.
<h3>What happened in the Texas gubernatorial elections of 1978?</h3>
In 1978, the nation was shocked when Texas voted for its first Republican candidate as governor in close to a 100 years.
This was because the last time the Texans voted Republican was when Reconstruction ended.
Bill Clements was only able to defeat the Democratic candidate thanks to a split in the Democratic party that ended in some Democrats voting Republicans.
From that point on, the Republicans have maintained majority control in Texas which meant that 1978 signalled and end to Democrat dominance in Texas.
In conclusion, Bill Clements gave Texas to the Republicans.
Find out more on Reconstruction at brainly.com/question/16211402
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Answer:
D.) The city prevented Mexican rebels from taking California from the Spanish Empire.
Answer:
The answer is self-actualization.
Explanation:
This is the last stage described in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It explains the need for people to take advantage of their skills, while being aware of their surroundings and limitations.
Self-actualiztion usually occurs when people are able to accept themselves, and tackle problems in a realistic, reasonable way.
