Answer:
is not efficient because firms can have different costs of reducing pollution.
Explanation:
Economic efficiency is the way a business maximises the use of factors of production (land, labor, capital) to produce output at a reduced cost. Efficiency aims to improve output and reduce cost to the barest minimum.
In this instance to individual cost required to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions is not considered by the government.
Since reduction of sulfur dioxide is equal among firms, some smaller ones may incur cost that will financially impair them and put them out of business.
While bigger firms will easily bear the cost.
Answer:
d. Rise in price of alcohol
Explanation:
Change in Quantity demanded occurs due to change in Price. Change in Demand happens due to factors other than price - Income, Substitute & Complementary good's price, Taste.
Change in alcohol demand - due to substitute Cigarette price change , Change [Decrease] in alcohol demand - due to change in taste based on anti drinking sentiments, higher risk of alcohol liver cirrhosis , Change [Increase] in alcohol demand - due to change [rise] in Income : These all are due to factors other than price & hence are 'Change in Demand'
Rise in price of Alcohol leads to 'Change [Expansion] in Quantity Demanded' due to price change [rise] .
Answer:
Please see explanation below
Explanation:
a. Just as supply and demand affects any other market, so does it affects jobs too. Take for instance if additional workers are added to the existing workforce while the demand for jobs remains the same; it means that employers would likely pay less which will bring about drop in income to employees hence causes less job stability. On the other hand, if there is an increase in demand for jobs while supply remains the same; then employers will be willing to pay more thereby resulting in higher income for few who are employed hence bring about job stability.
b. Change in demand refers to either an increase or decrease in demand for a particular good or service due to changes in consumer tastes, income level, population, price of substitutes etc; while change in supply is when suppliers decided to either increase or decrease their production or output due to changes in technology, process automation, change in the number of competitors in the market, taxes, production costs etc.
An increase in demand for certain goods or services would necessitate an increase in supply for such goods hence create avenue for producers or manufacturers to employ more people to produce them. Also, a decrease in demand for certain goods or services would result in less goods being produced hence lesser people getting employed to produce such goods.
On the other hand, when producers embraces new technology or process automation , the possibility of producing more goods will be higher while such would result in job losses.
Answer:
4.76%
Explanation:
The requirement in this question is determining the discount rate which gives the same present value in both cases since discount rates discount future cash flows to present value terms.
PV of a pertuity=annual cash flow/discount rate
PV of a pertuity=$17,000/r
PV of ordinary annuity=annual cash flow*(1-(1+r)^-n/r
PV of ordinary annuity=$30,000*(1-(1+r)^-18/r
$17,000/r=$30,000*(1-(1+r)^-18/r
multiply boths side by r
17000=30,000*(1-(1+r)^-18
divide both sides by 30000
17000/30000=1-(1+r)^-18
0.566666667=1-(1+r)^-18
by rearraging the equation we have the below
(1+r)^-18=1-0.566666667
(1+r)^-18=0.433333333
divide indices on both sides by -18
1+r=(0.433333333)^(1/-18)
1+r=1.047554315
r=1.047554315-1
r=4.76%