The given diagram represents Metaphase and Anaphase on the left and right sides respectively, which occur during mitosis.
The diagram depicts two phases, i.e. Metaphase as well as Anaphase, which are observed during the process of mitosis. Mitosis can be defined as a type of cell division where a particular cell (parent cell) undergoes division in order to give rise to two new cells (daughter cells). These newly formed cells are genetically similar to the parent cell.
During Metaphase, the chromosomes appear to be arranged in the central region of the cell in a linear fashion. During Anaphase, the chromatids segregate from each other and progress towards opposite ends of the cell undergoing mitosis.
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Answer: SPORES are defined as haploid (1n) cells which develops into gametophytes.
Gametophytes inturn produce either haploid (1n) male or females GAMETES that can fuse to form diploid ZYGOTES.
This basically explains what goes on in Meiosis.
Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
