Answer:
This scenario has been discovered and studied in slime molds.
Explanation:
The green beard effect is one of the three fundamental mechanisms of kin selection. In the 1960s, W.D. Hamilton in his work on the evolution of altruism brought it into the highlight. The other two mechanisms are kin discrimination and population viscosity. Green-beard effect functions even when the altruist and her recipients are not genealogical kin.
This is called purging. Purging is a situation when a person gets rid of ingested food <em>voluntarily</em>. This is in contrast to vomiting which is often involuntary. Purging is usually manifested by people with eating disorders such as <em>buliumia nervosa</em> and body dysmorphic syndromes.
<em>Starvation is the lack of nutrients due to reduced intake of food and constipation is reduced frequency of defecation associated with difficulty in defecation.</em>
Answer:
The correct answer is - Genotype of the offspring
Explanation:
Punnet square is a diagram which is used to predict and show the genotype of offspring that is produced by a cross between male and female gametes. This approach was given by Reginald C. Punnett.
Each grid have a genotype that can determine the phenotype of offspring. The letters used in to fill these grids can be made up of uppercase letters, lower case letters or both. The allele shown in upper case letters shows that the allele is dominant and the allele which is in lowercase letter is a recessive allele.
Therefore the letters inside the grid of a punnet square represents the genotype of the offsprings.
<span>Species because it narrows it down to one thing.</span>
