To the discovery of America, the " New World"
The Himalayan Mountains created a natural protective barrier. Many civilizations have benefited from natural protective barriers. Egypt had the desert, Switzerland had the Alps, the Alps saved Rome too.
C. Republic
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The main motive for imperialism was to obtain and control a supply of raw materials for industries. This meant that a weaker country with abundant natural resources would be colonised. Imperialists were often brutal in the way they treated the indigenous population
The Greeks were able to regroup. To defend against the Persians, Athens formed the Delian League, making the city-state the most powerful in Greece. In response to the growing power of Athens, the Spartans formed their own league, and the two powers went to war.