Answer:
There is growing evidence to indicate that age-related declines in growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and androgen and estrogen production play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia (an age-related decline in muscle mass and quality). Although GH supplementation has been reported to increase lean body mass in elderly individuals, the high incidence of adverse effects combined with a very high cost has limited the applicability of this form of therapy. The assessment of an alternative approach to enhance the GH/IGF-1 axis in the elderly by using GH-releasing hormone and other secretagogues is currently under way and is showing some promise. Testosterone replacement therapy may increase muscle mass and strength and decrease body fat in hypogonadal elderly men. Long-term randomised, controlled trials are needed, however, to better define the risk-benefit ratio of this form of therapy before it can be recommended. Available data are currently insufficient to decide what role estrogen replacement therapy may play in the management of sarcopenia. Therefore, although the evidence linking age-related hormonal changes to the development of sarcopenia is rapidly growing, it is still too early to determine the clinical utility of hormonal supplementation in the management of sarcopenia.
Answer:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Animals also release this source of energy.
Explanation:
All living organisms require energy to perform their life functions. This energy is obtained by breaking down organic molecules (usually glucose) in a catabolic reaction called CELLULAR RESPIRATION. These organic molecules store energy in their chemical bonds, this energy in a usable form by the cell (ATP) is released when organisms undergo cellular respiration (catabolism).
Plants likewise animals undergo this catabolic process and the same form of energy (ATP) is released for use via this process.
Carbon 14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon
Answer:
The comparison of proteins and polysaccharides establishes that they have similarity in both consist of linked monomers via the process dehydration reactions.
Explanation:
Both proteins and polysaccharides are polymers whose structure consists of the union of monomers. In the case of proteins the monomer is the amino acid, while in the polysaccharides can be glucose molecules.
The process of polymer formation is called polymerization, and one of the reactions that this process allows is <u>polycondensation</u>, where a water molecule is lost in the union of monomers.
The loss of water in a chemical reaction involves dehydration, a characteristic shared by the processes of adding monomers to proteins and polysaccharides.
The other options are not correct, because
- <em>Hydrolysis produces the rupture of molecules, with the intervention of water.</em>
- <em>Only polysaccharides are sugars bound by the dehydration synthesis process.</em>
- <em>Only proteins consist of amino acids linked through the process of hydrolysis.</em>
D) Plants below the surface receive less sunlight than those on the surface
