Going upward from the surface, it is the point where air ceases to cool with height, and becomes almost completely dry. More formally, the tropopause is the region of the atmosphere where the environmental lapse rate changes from positive, as it behaves in the troposphere, to the stratospheric negative one. Following is the exact definition used by the World Meteorological Organization:
The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere, where an abrupt change in lapse rate usually occurs. It is defined as the lowest level at which the lapse rate decreases to 2 °C/km or less, provided that the average lapse rate between this level and all higher levels within 2 km does not exceed 2 °C/km.<span>[1] for example</span>
Answer:
1. Fluorine (7 electrons) => c. steals 1 electron
2. Calcium (2 electrons) => a. gives away 2 electrons
3. Oxygen (6 electrons) => d. steals 2 electrons
4. Lithium (1 electron) => e. gives away 1 electron
5. Xenon (8 electrons) => b. neither gives away nor steals any electron
Explanation:
Given the following valence electrons of the atoms listed above, each atom can be matched to its corresponding number of electrons it can steal or give away as they form bonds and attain a stable state:
1. Fluorine (7 electrons) => this will steal 1 electron from another atom to attain a stable state when it comes to make the number of electrons 8.
2. Calcium with 2 valence electrons, will give away this 2 electrons in its outer shell to be stable and form bond with another atom that will accept these 2 electrons.
3. Oxygen with 2 valence electrons, will steal 2 electrons to make the electrons in its outer shell 8, as it bonds with another atom to become stable.
4. Lithium will give away 1 electron to become stable when it combines.
5. Xenon with 8 electrons in its outer shell is in a stable state and kind of inert. It doesn't need to receive or steal any electron from or to any other atom in this state.
Process of cellular respiration.
Augustinian friar Gregor<span> Johann </span><span>Mendel.
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the technique of calorymetry is used to determine the energy content of food items.
